Error Code: 4503 the Uploaded File Was Not Accepted by the Device.

Class of electronic commerce

"Spider web store" redirects here. For the W3C storage standard, see Spider web storage.

Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser or a mobile app. Consumers find a product of interest past visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching amid alternative vendors using a shopping search engine, which displays the same product's availability and pricing at different e-retailers. As of 2020, customers can shop online using a range of unlike computers and devices, including desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers and smartphones.

An online shop evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a regular "bricks-and-mortar" retailer or shopping center; the process is called business concern-to-consumer (B2C) online shopping. When an online store is fix upwards to enable businesses to purchase from another businesses, the process is called concern-to-business organisation (B2B) online shopping. A typical online shop enables the customer to browse the house's range of products and services, view photos or images of the products, along with information virtually the product specifications, features and prices.

Online stores usually enable shoppers to employ "search" features to find specific models, brands or items. Online customers must have access to the Internet and a valid method of payment in order to complete a transaction, such every bit a credit card, an Interac-enabled debit bill of fare, or a service such equally PayPal. For physical products (due east.g., paperback books or clothes), the eastward-tailer ships the products to the customer; for digital products, such as digital audio files of songs or software, the e-tailer usually sends the file to the client over the Internet. The largest of these online retailing corporations are Alibaba, Amazon.com, and eBay.^[one]

Terminology

Alternative names for the activity are "e-tailing", a shortened course of "electronic retail" or "e-shopping", a shortened grade of "electronic shopping". An online store may besides be called an e-spider web-shop, eastward-store, due east-store, Internet shop, web-shop, web-shop, online shop, online storefront and virtual store. Mobile commerce (or thousand-commerce) describes purchasing from an online retailer's mobile device-optimized website or software application ("app"). These websites or apps are designed to enable customers to browse through a companies' products and services on tablet computers and smartphones.

History

History of online shopping

Ane of the earliest forms of merchandise conducted online was IBM's online transaction processing (OLTP) adult in the 1960s, which immune the processing of financial transactions in existent-time.^[2] The computerized ticket reservation arrangement adult for American Airlines chosen Semi-Automatic Business organization Inquiry Environment (SABRE) was one of its applications. There, computer terminals located in unlike travel agencies were linked to a large IBM mainframe computer, which processed transactions simultaneously and coordinated them then that all travel agents had admission to the same information at the same time.^[ii] At some point between 1971 and 1971, students at Stanford and MIT used the internet precursor ARPANET to make a deal to exchange marijuana, but the interaction doesn't qualify as e-commerce considering no money was transferred online.^[3]

The emergence of online shopping every bit it is known today developed with the emergence of the Internet.^[4] Initially, this platform only functioned equally an advertising tool for companies, providing information about their products. Information technology quickly moved on from this unproblematic utility to actual online shopping transaction due to the development of interactive Web pages and secure transmissions.^[5] Specifically, the growth of the Internet as a secure shopping channel has adult since 1994, with the kickoff sales of Sting's anthology X Summoner'due south Tales.^[6] Wine, chocolates, and flowers presently followed and were among the pioneering retail categories which fueled the growth of online shopping. Researchers found that having products that are advisable for eastward-commerce was a key indicator of Internet success.^[7] Many of these products did well as they are generic products which shoppers did not need to touch on and experience in order to buy. But also importantly, in the early on days, in that location were few shoppers online and they were from a narrow segment: affluent, male, 30+. Online shopping has come a long way since those early days and – in the Great britain – accounts for significant percentage (depending on production category as percentages can vary).

Growth in online shoppers

Equally the revenues from online sales connected to grow significantly researchers identified different types of online shoppers, Rohm & Swaninathan^[eight] identified four categories and named them "convenience shoppers, variety seekers, balanced buyers, and store-oriented shoppers". They focused on shopping motivations and plant that the variety of products bachelor and the perceived convenience of the buying online experience were significant motivating factors. This was unlike for offline shoppers, who were more than motivated past time saving and recreational motives.

English entrepreneur Michael Aldrich was a pioneer of online shopping in 1979. His system connected a modified domestic TV to a real-fourth dimension transaction processing reckoner via a domestic telephone line. He believed that videotex, the modified domestic TV technology with a uncomplicated carte-driven man–computer interface, was a 'new, universally applicable, participative advice medium — the first since the invention of the telephone.' This enabled 'closed' corporate information systems to be opened to 'outside' correspondents not just for transaction processing but likewise for e-messaging and information retrieval and dissemination, later known as e-business.^[9] His definition of the new mass communications medium as 'participative' [interactive, many-to-many] was fundamentally unlike from the traditional definitions of mass communication and mass media and a precursor to the social networking on the Internet 25 years later. In March 1980 he launched Redifon's Office Revolution, which immune consumers, customers, agents, distributors, suppliers and service companies to be connected online to the corporate systems and allow business transactions to be completed electronically in real-time.^[x] During the 1980s^[11] he designed, manufactured, sold, installed, maintained and supported many online shopping systems, using videotex technology.^[12] These systems which also provided voice response and handprint processing pre-date the Internet and the World wide web, the IBM PC, and Microsoft MS-DOS, and were installed mainly in the UK past big corporations.

The first Earth Wide Spider web server and browser, created past Tim Berners-Lee in 1989,^[13] opened for commercial employ in 1991.^[xiv] Thereafter, subsequent technological innovations emerged in 1994: online banking, the opening of an online pizza shop by Pizza Hut,^[14] Netscape's SSL v2 encryption standard for secure data transfer, and Intershop'south start online shopping system. The first secure retail transaction over the Spider web was either by NetMarket or Internet Shopping Network in 1994.^[15] Immediately after, Amazon.com launched its online shopping site in 1995 and eBay was also introduced in 1995.^[14] Alibaba's sites Taobao and Tmall were launched in 2003 and 2008, respectively. Retailers are increasingly selling appurtenances and services prior to availability through "pretail" for testing, edifice, and managing need.^{[ citation needed ]}

International statistics

Statistics show that in 2012, Asia-Pacific increased their international sales over 30% giving them over $433 billion in acquirement. That is a $69 billion difference between the U.S. revenue of $364.66 billion. It is estimated that Asia-Pacific volition increase by another 30% in the year 2013 putting them alee by more than than 1-tertiary of all global ecommerce sales.^{[ needs update ]} The largest online shopping twenty-four hour period in the world is Singles Day, with sales just in Alibaba's sites at US$9.3 billion in 2014.^{[sixteen] [17]}

Statistics on online retail sales

Country	% Retail Sales Online
United States	9.8%[18]
Canada	2.8%[xix]
Uk	20%[20]

Customers

Online customers must have admission to the Cyberspace and a valid method of payment in order to complete a transaction. Generally, college levels of education and personal income correspond to more favorable perceptions of shopping online. Increased exposure to technology also increases the probability of developing favorable attitudes towards new shopping channels.^[21]

Customer ownership behaviour in digital environment

The marketing around the digital environment, customer's buying behaviour may not be influenced and controlled past the brand and firm, when they make a buying determination that might concern the interactions with search engine, recommendations, online reviews and other information. With the quickly divide of the digital devices environment, people are more likely to apply their mobile phones, computers, tablets and other digital devices to assemble information. In other words, the digital environment has a growing effect on consumer'due south mind and buying behaviour. In an online shopping environment, interactive decision may take an influence on assist customer conclusion making. Each customer is becoming more interactive, and though online reviews customers can influence other potential buyers' behaviors.^[22] In add-on, not only those reviews, people more rely on other people's post data about product commends on social media. There volition shows common issues in the past and some solutions or comments of the merchants will be attached for customer reference.^[23]

Subsequently, risk and trust would also are two important factors affecting people's' behavior in digital environments. Customer consider to switch between e-channels, because they are mainly influence by the comparison with offline shopping, involving growth of security, fiscal and functioning-risks In other words, a customer shopping online that they may receive more risk than people shopping in stores. There are 3 factors may influence people to practice the buying decision, firstly, people cannot examine whether the product satisfy their needs and wants before they receive it. Secondly, customer may concern at afterward-sale services. Finally, customer may agape that they cannot fully understand the language used in east-sales. Based on those factors customer perceive take chances may as a significantly reason influence the online purchasing behaviour.^[24]

Online retailers has place much emphasis on client trust aspect, trust is another fashion driving client'due south behaviour in digital environs, which tin depend on customer's mental attitude and expectation. Indeed, the company's products blueprint or ideas tin can not met customer's expectations. Customer's buy intention based on rational expectations, and additionally impacts on emotional trust. Moreover, those expectations can be as well establish on the product information and revision from others.^[25]

Product selection

Consumers find a product of interest past visiting the website of the retailer direct or by searching among culling vendors using a shopping search engine. Once a item product has been found on the website of the seller, most online retailers use shopping cart software to permit the consumer to accrue multiple items and to conform quantities, like filling a physical shopping cart or basket in a conventional store. A "checkout" process follows (standing the physical-store analogy) in which payment and delivery data is collected, if necessary. Some stores allow consumers to sign up for a permanent online business relationship so that some or all of this data merely needs to be entered one time. The consumer often receives an due east-mail confirmation in one case the transaction is complete. Less sophisticated stores may rely on consumers to phone or e-mail their orders (although full credit carte du jour numbers, expiry appointment, and Card Security Code,^[26] or banking company business relationship and routing number should not exist accepted by e-mail service, for reasons of security).

Payment

Online shoppers normally utilise a credit carte du jour or a PayPal account in social club to brand payments. Nonetheless, some systems enable users to create accounts and pay by culling ways, such equally:

• Billing to mobile phones and landlines^{[27] [28]}
• Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies
• Cash on delivery (C.O.D.)
• Cheque/ Bank check
• Debit card
• Direct debit in some countries
• Electronic money of various types
• Gift cards
• Invoice, especially popular in some markets/countries, such every bit Switzerland
• Postal money lodge
• Wire transfer/delivery on payment

Some online shops will not take international credit cards. Some require both the purchaser's billing and shipping accost to be in the same country as the online shop's base of operation. Other online shops let customers from any state to send gifts anywhere. The financial part of a transaction may be processed in real fourth dimension (due east.g. letting the consumer know their credit card was declined before they log off), or may be done later as part of the fulfillment process.

Product delivery

Once a payment has been accustomed, the goods or services can be delivered in the post-obit ways. For concrete items:

• Package delivery: The product is shipped to a customer-designated address. Retail package delivery is typically done by the public postal system or a retail courier such equally FedEx, UPS, DHL, or TNT.
• Driblet shipping: The order is passed to the manufacturer or 3rd-party distributor, who then ships the item straight to the consumer, bypassing the retailer'southward concrete location to save time, money, and infinite.
• In-store pick-up: The customer selects a local store using a locator software and picks up the delivered production at the selected location. This is the method often used in the bricks and clicks business model.

For digital items or tickets:

• Downloading/Digital distribution:^[29] The method often used for digital media products such as software, music, movies, or images.
• Printing out, provision of a code for, or e-mailing of such items equally admission tickets and scrip (due east.one thousand., gift certificates and coupons). The tickets, codes, or coupons may exist redeemed at the appropriate concrete or online premises and their content reviewed to verify their eligibility (east.g., assurances that the right of admission or use is redeemed at the correct time and identify, for the correct dollar amount, and for the correct number of uses).
• Will call, COBO (in Care Of Box Office), or "at the door" pickup: The patron picks up pre-purchased tickets for an issue, such every bit a play, sporting event, or concert, either just earlier the consequence or in accelerate. With the onset of the Net and e-commerce sites, which allow customers to buy tickets online, the popularity of this service has increased.

Shopping cart systems

Simple shopping cart systems let the off-line administration of products and categories. The shop is then generated as HTML files and graphics that tin can exist uploaded to a webspace. The systems do not use an online database.^[xxx] A high-end solution can be bought or rented as a stand-solitary programme or as an improver to an enterprise resources planning program. It is usually installed on the company'due south spider web server and may integrate into the existing supply chain then that ordering, payment, delivery, accounting and warehousing can be automated to a large extent. Other solutions allow the user to register and create an online shop on a portal that hosts multiple shops simultaneously from one dorsum office. Examples are BigCommerce, Shopify and FlickRocket. Open source shopping cart packages include advanced platforms such as Interchange, and off-the-shelf solutions such as Magento, osCommerce, WooCommerce, PrestaShop, and Zen Cart. Commercial systems can also exist tailored then the shop does not take to be created from scratch. By using an existing framework, software modules for diverse functionalities required by a web shop can be adapted and combined.^[31]

Design

Customers are attracted to online shopping not only because of high levels of convenience, but also because of broader selections, competitive pricing, and greater admission to data.^{[32] [33]} Business organizations seek to offer online shopping non only considering information technology is of much lower cost compared to bricks and mortar stores, merely as well considering it offers access to a worldwide market place, increases customer value, and builds sustainable capabilities.^{[ clarification needed ] [34]}

Information load

Designers of online shops are concerned with the furnishings of information load. Information load is a product of the spatial and temporal arrangements of stimuli in the spider web store.^[35] Compared with conventional retail shopping, the data environment of virtual shopping is enhanced by providing boosted product information such as comparative products and services, also equally diverse alternatives and attributes of each alternative, etc.^[36] 2 major dimensions of information load are complexity and novelty.^[37] Complexity refers to the number of different elements or features of a site, often the result of increased information diversity. Novelty involves the unexpected, suppressed, new, or unfamiliar aspects of the site. The novelty dimension may proceed consumers exploring a shopping site, whereas the complexity dimension may induce impulse purchases.^[36]

Consumer needs and expectations

Co-ordinate to the output of a research report by Western Michigan University published in 2005, an e-commerce website does not have to be expert looking with listing on a lot of search engines. Information technology must build relationships with customers to make money. The report besides suggests that a website must get out a positive impression on the customers, giving them a reason to come up dorsum.^[38] Notwithstanding, resent research^[39] has proven that sites with college focus on efficiency, convenience, and personalised services increased the customers motivation to brand purchases.

Dyn, an Cyberspace functioning management company conducted a survey on more than than 1400 consumers across 11 countries in Due north America, Europe, Middle-East and Asia and the results of the survey are as follows:

• Online retailers must improve the website speed
• Online retailers must ease consumers fearfulness effectually security

These concerns majorly affect the decisions of nigh two thirds of the consumers.^[40]

User interface

The most important factors determining whether customers render to a website are ease of use and the presence of convenient features.^[41] Usability testing is important for finding problems and improvements in a web site. Methods for evaluating usability include heuristic evaluation, cognitive walkthrough, and user testing. Each technique has its own characteristics and emphasizes dissimilar aspects of the user experience.^[41]

The popularity of online shopping continues to erode sales of conventional retailers. For example, Best Buy, the largest retailer of electronics in the U.S. in August 2014 reported its tenth sequent quarterly dip in sales, citing an increasing shift by consumers to online shopping.^[42] Amazon.com has the largest market share in the United States. As of May 2018, a survey plant two-thirds of Americans had bought something from Amazon (92% of those who had bought annihilation online), with xl% of online shoppers buying something from Amazon at least in one case a calendar month. The survey found shopping began at amazon.com 44% of the time, compared to a general search engine at 33%. It estimated 75 one thousand thousand Americans subscribe to Amazon Prime and 35 million more use someone else's business relationship.^[43]

There were 242 million people shopping online in China in 2012.^[44] For developing countries and low-income households in developed countries, adoption of e-commerce in place of or in addition to conventional methods is express by a lack of affordable Net access.

Advantages

Convenience

Online stores are usually available 24 hours a day, and many consumers in Western countries accept Internet access both at work and at dwelling house. Other establishments such as Internet cafes, community centers and schools provide cyberspace access too. In contrast, visiting a conventional retail shop requires travel or commuting and costs such as gas, parking, or bus tickets, and must unremarkably accept place during business hours. Commitment was always a trouble which affected the convenience of online shopping. Additionally, the online shopping industry has not but involved the concept of providing convenience for customers but also improved perceptions of social inclusion.^[45] Nevertheless to overcome this many retailers including online retailers in Taiwan brought in a store pick up service. This now meant that customers could purchase goods online and pick them upward at a nearby convenience store, making online shopping more advantageous to customers.^[46] In the outcome of a problem with the item (e.g., the product was not what the consumer ordered or the product was not satisfactory), consumers are concerned with the ease of returning an item in exchange for the correct production or a refund. Consumers may need to contact the retailer, visit the mail part and pay return shipping, so wait for a replacement or refund. Some online companies have more generous return policies to compensate for the traditional advantage of physical stores. For example, the online shoe retailer Zappos.com includes labels for free render shipping, and does not accuse a restocking fee, fifty-fifty for returns which are not the result of merchant error. (Note: In the Uk, online shops are prohibited from charging a restocking fee if the consumer cancels their order in accordance with the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Deed 2000).^[47] A 2018 survey in the United States found 26% of online shoppers said they never render items, and some other 65% said they rarely do so.^[48]What's more, merchants volition benefit from online shopping due to depression sales inventory force per unit area, depression operating costs, and the scale of functioning is not express by the site.

Information and reviews

Online stores must depict products for sale with text, photos, and multimedia files, whereas in a physical retail shop, the actual product and the manufacturer's packaging will be available for direct inspection (which might involve a test drive, fitting, or other experimentation). Some online stores provide or link to supplemental production data, such every bit instructions, safety procedures, demonstrations, or manufacturer specifications. Some provide groundwork information, advice, or how-to guides designed to help consumers decide which production to buy. Some stores fifty-fifty permit customers to comment or charge per unit their items. There are likewise dedicated review sites that host user reviews for different products. Reviews and even some blogs give customers the selection of shopping for cheaper purchases from all over the world without having to depend on local retailers. In a conventional retail store, clerks are more often than not available to answer questions. Some online stores take existent-time chat features, but most rely on east-mails or phone calls to handle customer questions. Even if an online shop is open up 24 hours a day, seven days a week, the client service team may only be available during regular business hours.

Price and selection

One reward of shopping online is existence able to apace seek out deals for items or services provided by many dissimilar vendors (though some local search engines exercise exist to help consumers locate products for sale in nearby stores). Search engines, online price comparing services and discovery shopping engines can be used to look up sellers of a item product or service. Shipping costs (if applicative) reduce the price advantage of online merchandise, though depending on the jurisdiction, a lack of sales tax may recoup for this. Shipping a small number of items, peculiarly from some other country, is much more expensive than making the larger shipments bricks-and-mortar retailers order. Some retailers (especially those selling modest, high-value items similar electronics) offer free shipping on sufficiently large orders. Another major advantage for retailers is the power to speedily switch suppliers and vendors without disrupting users' shopping experience.

Disadvantages

Fraud and security concerns

Given the lack of power to audit merchandise before buy, consumers are at higher take chances of fraud than face-to-face transactions. When ordering merchandise online, the item may not work properly, it may have defects, or it might not be the aforementioned item pictured in the online photo. Merchants likewise take chances fraudulent purchases if customers are using stolen credit cards or fraudulent repudiation of the online purchase. However, merchants face less take chances from concrete theft by using a warehouse instead of a retail storefront. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption has mostly solved the problem of credit card numbers being intercepted in transit betwixt the consumer and the merchant. Yet, 1 must still trust the merchant (and employees) not to apply the credit card information subsequently for their ain purchases, and non to pass the information to others. Also, hackers might break into a merchant'southward web site and steal names, addresses and credit card numbers, although the Payment Carte du jour Industry Data Security Standard is intended to minimize the impact of such breaches. Identity theft is still a concern for consumers. A number of high-profile suspension-ins in the 2000s has prompted some U.S. states to require disclosure to consumers when this happens. Computer security has thus become a major business for merchants and east-commerce service providers, who deploy countermeasures such as firewalls and anti-virus software to protect their networks. Phishing is another danger, where consumers are fooled into thinking they are dealing with a reputable retailer, when they have actually been manipulated into feeding private information to a organisation operated by a malicious party. Deprival of service attacks are a small-scale risk for merchants, as are server and network outages.

Quality seals tin be placed on the Store web page if information technology has undergone an independent assessment and meets all requirements of the company issuing the seal. The purpose of these seals is to increase the conviction of online shoppers. Yet, the existence of many different seals, or seals unfamiliar to consumers, may foil this effort to a certain extent.

A number of resources offering advice on how consumers can protect themselves when using online retailer services. These include:

• Sticking with well-known stores, or attempting to observe independent consumer reviews of their experiences; also ensuring that there is comprehensive contact information on the website before using the service, and noting if the retailer has enrolled in industry oversight programs such as a trust mark or a trust seal.
• Before ownership from a new visitor, evaluating the website by considering issues such as: the professionalism and user-friendliness of the site; whether or not the company lists a telephone number and/or street address along with e-contact data; whether a fair and reasonable refund and render policy is conspicuously stated; and whether there are subconscious toll inflators, such as excessive aircraft and handling charges.
• Ensuring that the retailer has an acceptable privacy policy posted. For instance, annotation if the retailer does non explicitly state that information technology will not share private data with others without consent.
• Ensuring that the vendor accost is protected with SSL (run into to a higher place) when inbound credit menu information. If information technology does the address on the credit card information entry screen volition start with "HTTPS".
• Using strong passwords which do non contain personal data such equally the user's proper noun or birthdate. Another selection is a "pass phrase," which might be something along the lines: "I shop iv adept a purchase!!" These are difficult to hack, since they practice not consist of words found in a dictionary, and provides a variety of upper, lower, and special characters. These passwords tin can exist site specific and may be easy to recollect.

Although the benefits of online shopping are considerable, when the process goes poorly information technology can create a thorny situation. A few problems that shoppers potentially face include identity theft, faulty products, and the accumulation of spyware. If users are required to put in their credit carte du jour data and billing/shipping address and the website is non secure, customer information can be attainable to anyone who knows how to obtain it. Most large online corporations are inventing new means to make fraud more difficult. However, criminals are constantly responding to these developments with new ways to manipulate the system. Fifty-fifty though online retailers are making efforts to protect consumer information, it is a constant fight to maintain the atomic number 82. It is advisable to be aware of the most electric current technology and scams to protect consumer identity and finances. Production commitment is too a principal business organization of online shopping. Most companies offer aircraft insurance in instance the product is lost or damaged. Some aircraft companies will offering refunds or compensation for the impairment, but this is upwardly to their discretion.

Lack of total cost disclosure

The lack of full cost disclosure may also exist problematic. While it may exist easy to compare the base price of an item online, information technology may not be easy to see the total toll up forepart. Additional fees such every bit shipping are oftentimes not visible until the final step in the checkout procedure. The trouble is especially evident with cross-border purchases, where the toll indicated at the final checkout screen may non include additional fees that must be paid upon delivery such as duties and brokerage. Some services such every bit the Canadian-based Wishabi attempts to include estimates of these boosted cost,^[49] but nevertheless, the lack of general full cost disclosure remains a concern.

Privacy

Privacy of personal information is a meaning outcome for some consumers. Many consumers wish to avert spam and telemarketing which could effect from supplying contact information to an online merchant. In response, many merchants promise to not use consumer information for these purposes, Many websites continue track of consumer shopping habits in order to suggest items and other websites to view. Brick-and-mortar stores as well collect consumer information. Some ask for a shopper'southward address and phone number at checkout, though consumers may refuse to provide it. Many larger stores use the accost data encoded on consumers' credit cards (frequently without their knowledge) to add them to a catalog mailing listing. This information is obviously non accessible to the merchant when paying in greenbacks or through a bank (money transfer, in which example there is too proof of payment).

Product suitability

Many successful purely virtual companies deal with digital products, (including information storage, retrieval, and modification), music, movies, office supplies, education, communication, software, photography, and financial transactions. Other successful marketers apply drop shipping or chapter marketing techniques to facilitate transactions of tangible goods without maintaining existent inventory. Some non-digital products take been more than successful than others for online stores. Profitable items often have a high value-to-weight ratio, they may involve embarrassing purchases, they may typically go to people in remote locations, and they may take shut-ins equally their typical purchasers. Items which can fit in a standard mailbox—such as music CDs, DVDs and books—are particularly suitable for a virtual marketer.

Products such every bit spare parts, both for consumer items similar washing machines and for industrial equipment like centrifugal pumps, besides seem good candidates for selling online. Retailers often need to guild spare parts specially, since they typically do not stock them at consumer outlets—in such cases, due east-commerce solutions in spares practise not compete with retail stores, simply with other ordering systems. A cistron for success in this niche can consist of providing customers with exact, reliable data nigh which function number their item version of a product needs, for example by providing parts lists keyed past serial number. Products less suitable for e-commerce include products that accept a low value-to-weight ratio, products that have a odour, taste, or touch component, products that need trial fittings—almost notably wearable—and products where colour integrity appears of import. Withal, some web sites have had success delivering groceries and wearable sold through the internet is big business in the U.S.

Aggregation

High-volume websites, such as Yahoo!, Amazon.com and eBay offer hosting services for online stores to all size retailers. These stores are presented within an integrated navigation framework, sometimes known as virtual shopping malls or online marketplaces.

Impact of reviews on consumer behavior

Ane of the great benefits of online shopping is the ability to read product reviews, written either past experts or beau online shoppers. The Nielsen Company conducted a survey in March 2010 and polled more than than 27,000 Internet users in 55 markets from the Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East, Due north America, and South America to look at questions such as "How do consumers shop online?", "What do they intend to buy?", "How practice they use various online shopping web pages?", and the affect of social media and other factors that come up into play when consumers are trying to make up one's mind how to spend their money on which product or service. According to the enquiry,^[50] reviews on electronics (57%) such as DVD players, cellphones, or PlayStations, and so on, reviews on cars (45%), and reviews on software (37%) play an of import role in influencing consumers who tend to make purchases online. Furthermore, twoscore% of online shoppers bespeak that they would not fifty-fifty purchase electronics without consulting online reviews offset.

In add-on to online reviews, peer recommendations on online shopping pages or social media websites play a key office^[51] for online shoppers when they are researching future purchases.^[52] xc% of all purchases made are influenced past social media.^[53]

Encounter also

• Bricks and clicks business model
• Dark shop
• Digital distribution
• Electronic business
• Online sale concern model
• Online music store
• Online pharmacy
• Online shopping malls
• Online shopping rewards
• Open catalogue
• Package delivery
• Personal shopper
• Product tracing systems: allow to see source factory of a product
• Retail therapy
• Types of retail outlets

References

1. ^ "The Alibaba miracle". The Economics. March 23, 2013.
2. ^ ^{a b} Lambert, Laura (2005). The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia : Chronology. Vol. 3, Volume 3. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 100. ISBN978-1851096596.
3. ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Fessenden, Marissa. "What Was the First Matter Sold on the Internet?". Smithsonian Mag . Retrieved 2022-03-25 .
4. ^ Botha, J.; Bothma, C.; Geldenhuys, P. (2008). Managing E-commerce in Business. Cape Town: Juta and Visitor Ltd. p. 3. ISBN9780702173042.
5. ^ Zinkan, George (2011). Advertising Research: The Cyberspace, Consumer Beliefs, and Strategy. Chicago: American Marketing Association. p. 33. ISBN9781613112717.
6. ^ "Shop Direct celebrates xx years of online shopping". Shopdirect.com. 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2016-12-12 .
7. ^ Doherty, N.F.; Ellis‐Chadwick, F.; Hart, C.A. (1999). "Cyber retailing in the UK: the potential of the Internet every bit a retail channel". International Journal of Retail & Distribution Direction. 27 (1): 22–36. doi:10.1108/09590559910252685.
8. ^ Rohm, Andrew J; Swaminathan, Vanitha (2004-07-01). "A typology of online shoppers based on shopping motivations". Journal of Business Enquiry. Marketing on the web – behavioral, strategy and practices and public policy. 57 (7): 748–757. doi:x.1016/S0148-2963(02)00351-10.
9. ^ 1982 Videotex Communications, Collected Papers Aldrich Annal, Academy of Brighton December 1982
10. ^ 1980 Tv set paves the style for Information Brokerage, Minicomputer News p. 12 London May 1980, the nigh comprehensive study of the March 1980 Press Conference launching the Redifon R 1800/50 computer system. Is 'Information Brokerage' aka 'browser industry'?
11. ^ 2011 M. Aldrich 'Online Shopping in the 1980s' IEEE 'Annals of the History of Computing' Vol 33 No4 pp57-61 Oct–December 2011 ISSN 1058-6180
12. ^ 1980 Checking on the bank check-outs, Financial Times London 12 July 1980
13. ^ Berners-Lee, T.; Dimitroyannis, Dimitri; Mallinckrodt, A. John; McKay, Susan (1994). "Globe Wide Spider web". Computers in Physics. 8 (three): 298. Bibcode:1994ComPh...viii..298B. doi:10.1063/ane.4823300.
14. ^ ^{a b c} Palmer, Kimberly.(2007) News & Earth Written report.
15. ^ Gilber, Alorie (eleven August 2004). "E-commerce turns 10". CNet. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
16. ^ C. Custer (October 14, 2014). "Tmall CEO: this year, Alibaba plans to accept Singles Twenty-four hour period global". Tech in Asia . Retrieved Dec five, 2014.
17. ^ Steven Millward (November 12, 2014). "New record for world's biggest shopping day every bit Alibaba's shoppers spend $nine.3 billion in 24 hours". Tech in Asia . Retrieved December 5, 2014.
18. ^ "E-Commerce Retail Sales as a Percent of Total Sales [ECOMPCTSA]". U.S. Bureau of the Census retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Banking company of St. Louis. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 25 Jan 2019.
19. ^ "Table 20-10-0072-01 Retail E-commerce sales, unadjusted (x 1,000)". Statistics Canada. xv January 2019. Retrieved 25 Jan 2019.
20. ^ "Table Internet sales as a percentage of full retail sales (ratio) (%)". Office of National Statistics. eighteen January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
21. ^ Bigne, Enrique (2005). "The Impact of Internet User Shopping Patterns and Demographics on Consumer Mobile Buying Behavior" (PDF). Journal of Electronic Commerce Research. 6 (iii).
22. ^ Kannan, P. Thou; Alice Li, Hongshuang (2017). "Digital Marketing: A framework, review and inquiry agenda". International Journal of Inquiry in Marketing. 34 (1): 22–45. doi:x.1016/j.ijresmar.2016.11.006. S2CID 168288051.
23. ^ Vafaei, Seyyed Amir; Fekete-Farkas, Mária (2017), Illés, Bálint Csaba; Nowicka-Skowron, Maria; Horská, Elena; Dunay, Anna (eds.), "Short advice: The event of social media on customer behaviour and firms' activities", Direction and Organization: Concepts, Tools and Applications, Pearson, pp. 221–228, doi:x.18515/dbem.m2017.n02.ch19, ISBN978-1-78726-048-1 , retrieved 2020-x-16
24. ^ Pappas, N (March 2016). "Marketing Strategies perceived risks, and consumer trust in online behaviour" (PDF). Periodical of Retailing and Consumer Services. 29: 92–103. doi:x.1016/j.jretconser.2015.eleven.007.
25. ^ Kawai, F; Tagg, S (July 2017). "The construction of online shopping experience: A repertory grid approach" (PDF). Computers in Human Beliefs. 72: 222–232. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.055.
26. ^ PCI Security Standards Quango. "PCI Information Storage Practice'southward and Don'ts" (PDF) . Retrieved 24 March 2013.
27. ^ Lopresti, Michael (September 1, 2007). "Beak-2-Telephone Lets Customers Add Online Purchases to Their Phone Bill". Allbusiness.com . Retrieved 23 Nov 2010.
28. ^ Geena Rao (July xix, 2010). "Mopay At present Allows Yous To Bill Mobile Payments To A Landline Business relationship". TechCrunch.com . Retrieved 23 Nov 2010.
29. ^ Walker, John (2007-11-22). "RPS Sectional: Gabe Newell Interview". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 2013-06-28 . The worst days [for game development] were the cartridge days for the NES. Information technology was a huge risk – yous had all this money tied up in silicon in a warehouse somewhere, and then you'd be conservative in the decisions you felt y'all could make, very conservative in the IPs you signed, your art management would not modify, and and then on. At present information technology's the opposite extreme: we can put something up on Steam, evangelize information technology to people all effectually the world, make changes. We can take more than interesting risks.[...] Retail doesn't know how to deal with those games. On Steam [a digital distributor] there'due south no shelf-space restriction. It's swell considering they're a bunch of erstwhile, orphaned games.
30. ^ "How Does Shopping Cart Software Works – Product Databases". xv January 2004. Retrieved vii Feb 2017.
31. ^ WooCommerce is open-source and completely customizable eCommerce eCommerce solutions
32. ^ Jarvenpaa, S. L.; Todd, P. A. (1997). "Consumer reactions to electronic shopping on the world wide web". International Periodical of Electronic Commerce. 1 (ii): 59–88. doi:ten.1080/10864415.1996.11518283.
33. ^ Peterson, R. A.; Balasubramanian, Due south.; Bronnenberg, B. J. (1997). "Exploring the implications of the Internet for consumer marketing". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 25 (4): 329–346. doi:10.1177/0092070397254005. S2CID 167790427.
34. ^ Stephen; Liou, Juhn-Shiuan (2004). "A framework for internet channel evaluation". International Journal of Information Management. 24 (6): 473–488. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2004.08.006.
35. ^ Mehrabian, A., & Russel J.A. (1974) An Approach to Ecology Psychology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
36. ^ ^{a b} Huang, M (2000). "Information load: its human relationship to online exploratory and shopping beliefs". International Journal of Information Management. 20 (5): 337–347. doi:10.1016/s0268-4012(00)00027-ten.
37. ^ Campbell, D.J. (1988) Job complication: A review and analysis. Academy of Management Review, 13(i), forty–52.
38. ^ Falk, Louis K.; Sockel, Hy; Chen, Kuanchin (2005). "E-Commerce and Consumer's Expectations: What Makes a Website Work". Journal of Website Promotion. 1 (1): 65–75. doi:10.1300/j238v01n01_06.
39. ^ Parker, Christopher J.; Wang, Huchen (2016). "Examining hedonic and utilitarian motivations for m-commerce fashion retail app engagement". Journal of Mode Marketing and Management. 20 (four): 487–506. doi:10.1108/JFMM-02-2016-0015.
40. ^ "Consumers and their online shopping expectations – Ecommerce News". 20 Feb 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
41. ^ ^{a b} Sherry Y. Chen en Robert D. Macredie, "The cess of usability of electronic shopping: A heuristic evaluation", International Journal of Information Management 25 (2005), 516–532
42. ^ "Best Buy looks to new products to push button sales". Minneapolis News.Net. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
43. ^ What Americans Told U.s.a. Most Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon
44. ^ "China's Internet users reach 564 mln". news.xinhuanet.com. 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2013-01-15 .
45. ^ Fan, Xiaojun; Ning, Nanxi; Deng, Nianqi (2020-03-xix). "The bear on of the quality of intelligent experience on smart retail engagement". Marketing Intelligence & Planning. 38 (7): 877–891. doi:x.1108/MIP-09-2019-0439. ISSN 0263-4503.
46. ^ Hsiao, Ming-Hsiung (2009). "Shopping style choice: Physical shop shopping versus e-shopping". Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 45 (ane): 86–95. doi:ten.1016/j.tre.2008.06.002.
47. ^ "A guide for businesses on distance selling" (PDF). Office of fair trading. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
48. ^ Online Shoppers Say They Rarely Return Purchases. Why?
49. ^ Denise J., Deveau (xiv January 2010). "Keeping It Real for Cantankerous-Border Online Shoppers". ecommercetimes.com. ECT News Network. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
50. ^ Nielsen, "Online Shopping Trends", (USA: The Nielsen Company, 2010)
51. ^ Bonsoni.com on July ten, 2011 (2011-07-10). "Inquiry shows word of mouth drives online sales". Bonsoni.com. Retrieved 2012-01-19 .
52. ^ "Nielsen Global Online Shopping Report". Blog.nielsen.com. 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2012-01-19 .
53. ^ Marketingland.com on July 9, 2012 (2012-06-09). "Infographic: What We Practice Online". Marketingland.com. Retrieved 2013-06-14 .

External links

• Media related to Online shopping at Wikimedia Commons

robinsonoffily.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping

Share this post